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Overview of ISO/SAE 21434 Standard

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ISO/SAE 21434, jointly published by the International Standardization Organization (ISO) and the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), serves as a comprehensive cybersecurity framework for electronic systems within road vehicles. Developed to bolster cybersecurity across the entire lifecycle of automotive products, this standard outlines essential vocabulary, objectives, requirements, and guidelines. Purpose and Scope: The primary objective of ISO/SAE 21434 is to enhance cybersecurity measures for vehicles throughout their lifecycle. By providing a standardized framework, this standard facilitates the establishment of cybersecurity policies, risk management practices, and a cybersecurity-oriented culture within organizations operating in the automotive industry. Three Pillars: ISO/SAE 21434 is structured around three main pillars: Cyber Security Governance:   Establishing policies, processes, and cultural norms to govern cybersecurity activities within organizations. Risk Man...
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Fundamental Secure Feature I: Secure Boot

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What is it? Secure Boot is a mechanism that verifies the authenticity and integrity of software code stored in flash memory before allowing the system to execute it. The MCU will only boot the application if the code has not been tampered with. Why is it needed? Prevents unauthorized firmware execution. Protects against malicious code injection during the boot process. Blocks attempts to bypass security checks by tampering with the bootloader. Ensures the ECU does not boot into a compromised or corrupted state. 🔍 For example, an attacker might modify the bootloader to disable security features after boot. Secure Boot prevents this by enforcing integrity checks from the very first instruction. Types of Secure Boot: Symmetric-Based Secure Boot Uses shared keys for both signing and verification. Easier to implement, but key management is critical. Asymmetric-Based Secure Boot Uses a private-public key pair. The bootloader verifies the signature of the firmware using a public key, while t...
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Fundamental Secure Features in Automotive ECUs

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 With increasing connectivity and functionality in modern vehicles and IoT devices, security has become a non-negotiable aspect of embedded system design. Automotive ECUs and IoT MCUs are now exposed to threats that can compromise safety, privacy, and system integrity. To mitigate these risks, a suite of fundamental secure features is implemented across the lifecycle of embedded software. This blog outlines six core security pillars that serve as the foundation for robust ECU security: Fundamental Secure Feature I: Secure Boot Fundamental Secure Feature II: Secure Flash Fundamental Secure Feature III: Secure JTAG Fundamental Secure Feature IV: Secure LOG Fundamental Secure Feature V: Secure UDS Fundamental Secure Feature VI: Secure On-Board Communication (SecOC) These six foundational security features—Secure Boot, Secure Flash, Secure JTAG, Secure Log, Secure UDS, and Secure On-Board Communication (SecOC)—are critical for building a trustworthy embedded system. Whether in automoti...
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